Firearm.



c. A. NELSON.

FlREARM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20, 1915.

Patented .Dec. 26, 1916.

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C. A. NELSON.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20. 1915.

Patented Dec. 26,1916.

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INVENTOR,

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rmrran snares PATENT orator...

CHARLES A. NELSON, OF UTICA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SAVAGE ARMS COMPANY, OF UTICA, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

FIREARM.

Application filed April 20, 1915.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES A. Nansen, a citizen of the United States, residing at Utica, in the county of Oneida and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Firearms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists in a novel breech mechanism of the type in which the striker is forced back by camming action as the result of turning the breech-bolt to unlock or release it preliminarily to withdrawing the bolt in opening the gun, and in a novel means for securing together the forearm and barrel of a gun.

In place of holding the striker against turning by adapting it to engage directly with a longitudinal fixed surface (of the receiver) when the striker is cammed back by the breech-bolt in the unlocking rotation thereof, this being the usual construction, I provide a separate or'intermediate, element, which in effect forms a non-rotating part of the bolt. Then the bolt is back, this element isclear of the receiver surfaces which keep it against rotating during the camming, and at that time it is held from turning through the intermediary of the striker, which looks it (against turning) to the breech-bolt, inturnheld from turning by a well-known connection with the receiver.

hen the gun is closed, the striker may be withdrawn by a manual pull directly thereon andturned into such relation thereto as 1 to constitute-the safety condition of the piece. In this position it effects the locking of the breech-bolt against turning; inasmuch as normally the gun when in safe condition is in the otherwise ready-to-fire condi tion, this locking of the bolt is a notice to the user that there is a cartridge in the chamber and that it only requires to turn the striker out of the safety position to leave the piece ready to be discharged. The pin of the striker is connected with the body part thereof in anovel Way facilitating assembling and disassembling, but preventing unintentional disassembling.

The means for securing together the barrel and forearm consists of a band or clip and a retaining pin therefor so formed and associated that each holds the other against working out of place.

In the accompanyin drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the improved gun,

Specification of Letters Patent.

'in the safe position.

Patented Dec. 26,1916.

Serial No. 22,536.

showing the breech mechanism partly in section,"the gun being cocked; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view, showing the breechbolt retracted to the full normal limit; Figs. 3 and 4: are a side elevation and an underneath plan of the breech-bolt and striker, showing the latter cammed'back by the rotary part of the bolt; Fig. 5 is an underneath plan view of the non-rotary 0r tail part of the bolt and the striker, showing the latter Fig. 6 is a top plan viewof the receiver, bolt and striker, the latter being in the cooked position; Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line yg of Fig. 3, looking forward and showing the receiver tang in section; Fig. 8 is arear elevation of the rotary part of the, bolt; Figs. 9 and 10 are a side and a rear elevation of thebody part of the striker; Figs. 11 and 12 are a side and rear elevation of the non-rotary or tail part of the bolt; Fig. 13 shows the assembled'tail part of the bolt and the striker removed from the rotary part of the'bolt; Fig. 14 is a sectional view on line o0a of Fig. 1; and, Fig. 15 shows a detail ofFig. 14.

The gun shown is of the military type. The barrel a is screwed into the receiver 7), and thestructure including these parts is secured to the stock 0 by suitable means including the abutment member (Z (forming the subject of a co-pen'ding application filed by me) and'aclip or band e, in itself of well-known type, which is held by its screw f in embracing relation to the forearm, the barrel and the forward reduced end of the barrel cover-piece 9 (held at its reduced rear end by the abutment member d). A pin it is passed transversely through the forearm so that the rearward half of its diameter, the clip being against the shoulder i of the forearm and, cover-piece, is covered by the clip; as for its forward half it protrudes to form the abutments h which prevent the clip or band 6 working forward, which in turn holds the pin in, place.

The forward or rotary part 7' of the bolt is equipped with a laterally projecting operating arm is which works in the usual L- shaped slot Z in the receiver; it is suitably formed in any well-known way at its forward end so that when in the breech-closing jecting tongue 8, a channel 23 in its forward side concentric with the tubulure, and a downwardly open slot to extending therethrough from front to rear, said slot being widened downwardly from the bore 1" of the tubulure to form the offset slot-portion e, which extends but partway forward, leaving the shoulder '11: provided with the notch a2 (Figs. 5 and 7). In its left'side the block 1 is equipped with a rearwardly spring-pressed pin y slightly longer than the front to rear dimension of the block and normally protruding at the back thereof but being capable of being pushed forward until its front end projects at the channel 25. (Compare Figs. 4 and Lateral underneath guiding surfaces 2 are formed on the block.

V The tail-piece is assembled with the forward part of the bolt by screwing its tubulure into the rear end of the latter, which is then received by the channel t (Figs. 3 and 4), the screw-connection affording a swivel joint. Then the breech-bolt is inrthe closed position tongues by being received in slot'Z and the tail-piece surfaces 2 by contact with v surfaces 3 on the receiver keep the tail-piece from turning on the axis of its swivel connection with the fore part of the bolt.

The body part of the striker is a spindlet having a milled knob 5 at its rear end and a threaded bore 6 entering its forward end and formed with a vertical fin 7 projecting above and below the spindle, its lower portion having a forward tang 8, beveled at its free end, and on the under side a cooking shoulder 9. The forward or firing pin part 10 of the striker is equipped with a fixed collar 11 and its rear end is threaded.

In the assembled relation of the breechbolt tail-piece, striker and spring, the striker spindle 4L telescopes the tubulure'r, the firing-pin is screwed at its rear end into the threaded forward end of the spindle, and the spring 12, penetrated by the firing-pin, is compressed between the forward end of the tubulure and the collar 11. The rearward end of the spring is fitted to a notch r (Fig. 12) in the tubulure and its forward end into one of several notches '11 in collar 11. The spring is preferably coiled in the same direction around the axis of the firing pin as the threading of the screw connection between the latter and spindle 6 progresses, and it fits the firing pin rather snugly; therefore when the firing pin is At its rear end it-has a cam 0 and shoulder 9 of the striker.

screwed home and the forward end of the spring is engaged with that notch 11 which -necessitates the spring being put under a little tension it is not only kept from turning backward out of the spindle by the yieldbeing pivoted in the sear and having a purchase upon the receiver as shown in Fig. 2, it depresses the (spring-pressed) sear, whose lug 15 is adapted to engage the cocking On backward movement of the breech-bolt, this lug enters the underneath groove 16 in the fore part of the breech-bolt and comes ultimately against the shoulder 17 at its forward end, which marks the normal rearward limit of movement of the bolt; the bolt may be entirely withdrawn from the receiver, by holding down the sear by means of the trigger. The gun shown being of the magazine type, 18

is the magazine, 19 the cartridge-platform and 20 the platform spring.

Operation: Assuming the parts to be in the positions they occupy immediately after firing, the bolt is locked forward (its arm being down) and the striker impinges the spent shell, its spindle l abutting the shoulder 9" of the tubulure r and its fin 7 wholly housed in the slot u of the breech-bolt tailpiece, so that the striker and tail-piece in effect have a spline connection with each other. When the arm 70 is turned up, cam 0, by contact with tang 8, cams back the striker until, the arm now being upright,

the tang enters the notch 79 subject to the pressure of spring 12. In thus turning the fore part of the bolt the tail-piece is held from turning in the way already explained. The bolt is now drawn backward and effects the withdrawal and ejection of the'empty shell. After the tail-piece clears the receiver it is held from turning by the interlock afforded by the tang 8 being engaged with the notch 79. It will be noted that the fin 7 is beveled on the under side at the rear to cam down the sear during backward movement ofthe bolt. A fresh cartridge having come to position ahead of the bolt, when the latter is now advanced the cocking shoulder 9 of the striker dogs the lug 15 of the sear, leaving the piece cocked as soon as the bolt has reached its forward limit and the arm 70 has been turned down. To effect the safety condition of the arm, the striker (whose fin 7 now but partly projects into the slot of the tail-piece) may now be withdrawn against the tension of. spring 12 until the fin clears the slot and then turned to the lateral limit afforded by the ofiset portion 0 of said slot, leaving the tang engaged in the notch w and the upper part of the fin 7 holding the pin 3 advanced so that its forward end is engaged in thenotch p at the rear of the fore part of the breech-bolt, so thatnot only are the striker and the firing mechanism thus locked but the breech-bolt locked against rotation. The breech being thus locked closed, the operator is prevented from inadvertent and useless opening thereof through possibly forgetting that the gun is at safety and therefore ready to firewhen only the striker has been returned into engagement with the sear.

The striker is normally not put at safety except when the gun is closed, at which time the tail-piece of the breech-bolt is kept from turning by engagement of its tongue 8 and surfaces 2 with the receiver, as explained. But in separating the assembled striker, tail-piece and spring from the fore part of the bolt, these parts may be turned as a unit until the threaded swivel connection between the tail-piece and fore part is dises tablished if, first, the breech-bolt is sufficiently retracted so that the receiver no longer obstructs rotation of the tail-piece and the striker is retracted until its tang clears notch 20, say, by setting the striker in the safety position; it being noted that when the fore part of the bolt is turned to unlock it from the receiver notch 72 is thrown out of registry with pin f/ and that the pitch of the screw threading between the tail-piece and fore part is sufliciently steep so that when the former is unscrewed (having set the striker at safety) the pin g has receded out of contact with the rear end of the fore part before it again registers with and can snap into said notch.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having two parts one of which is movable relatively to the other into interlocked relation with the receiver, firing mechanism, and firing-mechanismcontrolled means movable in said other part to lock said firstnamed part in the interlocked relation with the receiver.

2. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having two parts one of which is movable relatively to the other into interlocked relation with the receiver, firing mechanism including a striker, and striker-controlled means movable in said other part to lock said first-named part in the interlocked rela tion with the receiver.

3. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having two parts one of which is rotatable relatively to the other, firing mechanism, and firing-mechanism-controlled means movable in said other part to lock said firstnamed part against rotation.

In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having two parts one of which is rotatable and the other held by the receiver against rotation, firing mechanism, and fir- .ing-mechanism-controlled means, movable in one of said parts, for interlocking said partstogether against relative rotation.

55. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having a part thereof movable into interloc'ked relation with the receiver, a lockable firing mechanism, and means, controlled by the locked firing mechanism, for locking said part in the interlocked relation with'the 8. In combination, the receiver, a movable breech-bolt, firing mechanism including a striker movable lengthwise of the gun, and striker-controlled means to lock the breechbolt to the receiver, the striker being rotatable on an axis extending lengthwise of the gun into and out of controlling relation to said means.

9. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having two parts one of which is rotatable relatively to the other, firing mechanism including a striker, and striker-controlled means movable in said other part to lock said first-named breech-bolt part against rotation.

10. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt having a part thereof rotatable, firing mechanism including a striker, and strikercontrolled means to lock said breech-bolt part against rotation, the striker being rotatable into and out of controlling relation to said means.

11. In combination, the receiver, a longitudinally movable breech bolt including a fore part and a tail-part having a swivel connection with each other, said tail-part being rotatable relatively to the fore part in one position of the breech-bolt and held against rotation by the receiver in another position of the breech-bolt, and firing mechanism including a striker having a sliding rotation-preventing contact with the tail part, said striker and the fore part having portions enterable one into the other when the breech-bolt is in the first-named position to lock the tail part to the fore part against rotation.

12. In combination, the receiver, a breechbolt including a fore-part and a tai1part having a disconnective screw connection with each other, and firing mechanism including a spring-pressed striker normally interlocking said parts'against rotation and being longitudinally movable against its spring to clear and thus release one of them and being then revoluble into looked-back relation to the other of them.

13. In combination, a striker including a body part and a firing pin screwed therein, a supporting 'member aflording a rotationpreventing .guideway to the body part of the striker, and a spring coiled around the firing pin, said body part andfiring pin having means to hold the respectiveends of the spring against rotation relatively thereto Copies of this patent may be obtained for and one of said means including a series of notches concentric with the firing pin and each adapted to receive the corresponding end of the spring. 7

the body'part' of the striker, anda spring coiled snugly around the firing pin and havingits ends respectively engaged with and -held against rotation by the firing pin and said member, the spring having its coils progressing around the firing pin axis in the same direction as the threading of said i screw-connection.

In testimony whereof I aflix my slgnature. i

7 CHARLES A. NELSON. I

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, I). 0.

' affording a rotation-preventing guideway to 

